The Madagascar Armed Forces, known as the Forces Armées Populaires, are the national military responsible for safeguarding Madagascar’s sovereignty, internal security, and maritime interests. With a total active personnel of approximately 21,000—including 18,000 in the army, 2,000 in the navy, and 1,000 in the air force—the organization is structured into land, naval, and air components, supported by paramilitary forces such as the gendarmerie and police. Historically, Madagascar’s military traces its roots to the Merina Kingdom’s expansion in the 19th century, later evolving under French colonial influence. After independence in 1960, the armed forces were reorganized with French technical support, focusing on national defense and internal stability. The military has played a significant role in Madagascar’s political landscape, notably during the 2009 political crisis, when it facilitated a transition of power. Today, the Madagascar Armed Forces are primarily tasked with coastal defense, anti-smuggling operations, and deterring illegal fishing within the country’s vast Exclusive Economic Zone. The army is divided into intervention and development forces, with the former handling combat operations and the latter supporting internal security and civilian populations. The navy, though small, is vital for patrolling Madagascar’s waters, while the air force operates a modest fleet of transport and utility aircraft, including Mi-8 helicopters and light transport planes. Notably, Madagascar does not possess advanced missile systems, nuclear capabilities, or main battle tanks, reflecting its focus on regional stability rather than power projection. The military’s rank structure closely resembles that of France, underscoring its colonial legacy. Despite limited resources, the armed forces remain a key player in Madagascar’s security architecture, adapting to modern challenges in a rapidly evolving geopolitical environment.